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13 April 1919
History of Jallianwala Bagh
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13 April 1919. 20,000 peaceful crowds had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab, British India, to protest against the Rowlatt Act and arrest of pro-independence activists Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal. An hour after the meeting began as scheduled at 17:30, Colonel Dyer arrived at the Bagh with a group of 50 troops, including 25 Gurkhas of 1/9 Gurkha Rifles (1st battalion, 9th Gurkha Rifles), Pathans and Baluch and 59th Sindh Rifles. All fifty was armed with .303 Lee–Enfield bolt-action rifles.
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13 April 2023
The Jallianwala Bagh could only be exited on one side, as its other three sides were enclosed by buildings. After blocking the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd, continuing to fire even as the protesters tried to flee. The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted. Estimates of those killed vary between 379 and 1,500 or more people and over 1,200 other people were injured of whom 192 were seriously injured. The Hunter Commission based their figures of 379 deaths, and approximately 3 times that number injured, suggesting 1500 casualties. At the meeting of the Imperial Legislative Council held on 12 September 1919, the investigation led by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya concluded that there were 42 boys among the dead, the youngest of them only 7 months old. The Hunter Commission confirmed the deaths of 337 men, 41 boys and a six-week-old baby.
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![Jallianwala_Bagh_Bullet_Marks[1][1]](http://www.jallianwalabagh.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Jallianwala_Bagh_Bullet_Marks11.jpg "Jallianwala_Bagh_Bullet_Marks[1][1]")